Microsoft on Spectre updates' speed impact: “single-digit slowdowns” on new PCs, big effect on PCs with Haswell/older chips and servers with I/O-intensive work [theverge.com]

TLDR:

Windows 10 users with 6th gen or later Intel CPUs should be good.
Windows 10 users with 4th gen or earlier Intel CPUs are mostly okay but might see some throttled performance.
Windows 7 and 8 users with 4th gen or earlier Intel CPUs are screwed.